PHP迭代器的内部执行过程详解
下面我们来了解如何实现一个自定义的迭代器,然后再开始慢慢理解迭代器的内部工作原理。先来看一个官方的例子
class myIterator implements Iterator { private $position = 0; private $array = array( "first_element", "second_element", "last_element", );public function __construct() { $this->position = 0; }
function rewind() { var_dump(__METHOD__); $this->position = 0; }
function current() { var_dump(__METHOD__); return $this->array[$this->position]; }
function key() { var_dump(__METHOD__); return $this->position; }
function next() { var_dump(__METHOD__); ++$this->position; }
function valid() { var_dump(__METHOD__); return isset($this->array[$this->position]); } }
$it = new myIterator;
foreach($it as $key => $value) { echo '输出键值:'; var_dump($key, $value); //echo $key; echo "\n"; }
程序运行输出:
string(18) "myIterator::rewind" string(17) "myIterator::valid" string(19) "myIterator::current" string(15) "myIterator::key" 输出键值:int(0) string(13) "first_element"string(16) "myIterator::next" string(17) "myIterator::valid" string(19) "myIterator::current" string(15) "myIterator::key" 输出键值:int(1) string(14) "second_element"
string(16) "myIterator::next" string(17) "myIterator::valid" string(19) "myIterator::current" string(15) "myIterator::key" 输出键值:int(2) string(12) "last_element"
string(16) "myIterator::next" string(17) "myIterator::valid"
一般的迭代器内部需要下面的方法:
Iterator::current ― Return the current element 返回当前元素
Iterator::key ― Return the key of the current element 返回当前元素的键
Iterator::next ― Move forward to next element 移向下一个元素
Iterator::rewind ― Rewind the Iterator to the first element 重新回到第一个元素
Iterator::valid ― Checks if current position is valid 检查当前位置的有效性
如果不是很清楚迭代器的内容工作流程,可以查看下面的迭代器对数组的遍历过程:
/** * @author 简明现代魔法 http://www.nowamagic.net */ class MyIterator implements Iterator { private $var = array();public function __construct($array) { if (is_array($array)) { $this->var = $array; } }
public function rewind() { echo "倒回第一个元素\n"; reset($this->var); }
public function current() { $var = current($this->var); echo "当前元素: $var\n"; return $var; }
public function key() { $var = key($this->var); echo "当前元素的键: $var\n"; return $var; }
public function next() { $var = next($this->var); echo "移向下一个元素: $var\n"; return $var; }
public function valid() { $var = $this->current() !== false; echo "检查有效性: {$var}\n"; return $var; } }
$values = array(1,2,3); $it = new MyIterator($values);
foreach ($it as $k => $v) { print "此时键值对 -- key $k: value $v\n\n"; }
程序运行结果:
倒回第一个元素 当前元素: 1 检查有效性: 1 当前元素: 1 当前元素的键: 0 此时键值对 -- key 0: value 1移向下一个元素: 2 当前元素: 2 检查有效性: 1 当前元素: 2 当前元素的键: 1 此时键值对 -- key 1: value 2
移向下一个元素: 3 当前元素: 3 检查有效性: 1 当前元素: 3 当前元素的键: 2 此时键值对 -- key 2: value 3
移向下一个元素: 当前元素: 检查有效性:
现在就很清晰了吧?